Master and slave operation Essay

Bluetooth gadgets exist in little impromptu system arrangement with the capacity to work as either ace or the slave; the detail additionally permits a component for ace and slave to switch their jobs. The designs can be single point, which is the most straightforward arrangement with one ace and one slave. Multipoint, called a Piconet, in view of up to 7 slaves grouped around a solitary Master. Furthermore, a third sort called a Scatternet, this is a gathering of Piconets successfully hubbed by means of a solitary Bluetooth gadget going about as an ace in one Piconet and a slave in the other Piconet. The Scatternet allows either bigger inclusion zones or number of gadgets than a solitary Piconet can offer. Figure 5 layouts the diverse ace and slave topologies allowed for systems in the norm (see â€Å"Bluetooth: Goodbye Infrared†). The job of the ace is to control the accessible transfer speed between the slaves, it computes and apportions how frequently to speak with each slave and secures them in the proper recurrence jumping succession. The determination depicts a calculation that ascertains the jump grouping, the seed being founded on the master’s gadget address and clock. Notwithstanding jump grouping control, the ace is answerable for transmit control by partitioning the system into a progression of time allotments among the net individuals, as a major aspect of a Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) plot. These time allotments can comprise of information and conceivably extra voice traffic I. e. you will consistently require an information channel before you can include a voice channel. The time allotment is characterized as 625  µs and all bundle traffic is distributed 1, 3 or 5 openings, assembled in transmit and get sets. Before association a few activities, for example, request, paging and filtering tasks may in some cases happen on half openings (see â€Å"Bluetooth: Goodbye Infrared†). Figure 5: Point to point, Piconet and Scatternet. A. 2. 3 Voice and Data Links. Bluetooth conveys correspondence traffic more than two kinds of air interface joins characterized as Asynchronous ConnectionLess (ACL) or Synchronous Connection Oriented (SCO). During an association the connections convey voice and information traffic in the schedule openings and are ordered as either time basic, as utilized for voice and sound, or fast non-time basic information with a component for affirmation and re-transmission. The principal connect built up among ace and slave is the ACL connection and conveys fast information that is heartless toward time. It is parcel exchanged, as the information is irregular in nature, nonconcurrent, contains uneven and symmetric administrations and utilizations a surveying access conspire. An ace might be allowed to have various ACL interfaces up to the most extreme number of slaves allowed by the determination yet just one connection is permitted between any two gadgets (see â€Å"Bluetooth: Goodbye Infrared†). When an ACL has been built up a SCO connection can be made on the ACL interface. The SCO connect is circuit exchanged; it has symmetric coordinated administrations and has opening reservation at fixed stretches, making it appropriate for time basic information, for example, voice. The detail confines the quantity of SCO joins that an ace can support to three. Summing up the two kinds of connections: ACL ? Parcel built of a 72 piece get to code, a 54 piece bundle header, a 16 piece CRC and Payload information ? Biggest information parcel is DH5 giving 723. 2 Kb/s as most noteworthy information rate one way. ? Non time basic information ? Nonconcurrent ? Parcel exchanged ? Surveying access SCO ? Same access code and header as ACL bundles ? ARQ (Automatic Repeat reQuest) and SEQ (SEQuence) banners repetitive since stream control and re-transmissions don't have any significant bearing ? Cyclic Redundancy Code (CRC) field is missing? Payload fixed at 30 bytes, with source information of 10, 20 or 30 bytes ? Circuit exchanged ? Symmetric coordinated administrations ? Space reservation at fixed stretches An extraordinary case exists that blends SCO and ACL bundles. Known as the Data Voice (DV) parcel it conveys information and voice on ordinary stretches like the SCO. The voice information has no stream control or CRC according to SCO bundles, though the information part of the DV parcel has stream control, re-transmission of the information part is allowed and the information part is CRC ensured (see â€Å"Bluetooth: Goodbye Infrared†).

Army Family Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Armed force Family - Essay Example I understood what shading I was, however that truly didn’t appear to influence anything in the networks where I was growing up. Base lodging was exceptionally different and I understood that there were definitely more white children than dark children. In any case, I additionally saw that there were more dark children than Hispanic children and Asian children also. I had companions, dear companions, everything being equal, as did my folks. We headed toward the Hispanic family nearby for dinner and they cam to us. Just they weren’t ever seen as Hispanic. They were only the Ramirez’s. I do recollect heading off to certain gatherings when I was a child and we all were a similar race. I do recall thinking, â€Å"This is unusual. Where are the Ramirez’s?† I have no clue if these gatherings were arranged with the goal that everyone was a similar race as my folks or not, however I kind of uncertainty it. So I think about what I am attempting to state is, a s a child experiencing childhood in military lodging, I never however about race by any stretch of the imagination, mine or anybody else’s. At the point when I showed up in North Carolina, I previously got mindful of race. For a certain something, I saw that individuals of a similar shading would in general remain together. There appeared to be a standard that said individuals of various hues didn’t blend. I saw it immediately and got some information about it. She basically expressed that things are distinctive all over and that in North Carolina, that’s simply the manner in which it was. ... also, Asian children obviously simply needed to make sense of another thing to do than have companions on the grounds that there weren’t a significant number of them on base around then in North Carolina. I can genuinely say I didn’t attempt to challenge the standard in any capacity. At the point when you are new to a base, the children that approach you initially are the children that become your companions. At the point when just children of your equivalent race approach you, well then that is the companions you have. I thought it was bizarre from the outset, and afterward following a year it was entirely typical. The second exercise about race I learned was that a few races are superior to others at specific things. Dark children can run quick and move best. They tune in to rap music and play b-ball. White children are most intelligent and are better at sports like baseball. Hispanic children play soccer and have bunches of sisters and siblings. Just because, I was a cquainted with racial generalizations and this I battled with. I didn’t fit into the meaning of any of these races. I was brilliant, marvelous at ball and had five siblings and sisters. I could have been white, dark or Hispanic. Be that as it may, just because, I had an inclination that I needed to make light of a part of who I was on the grounds that I needed to adjust to someone else’s thought of what I should be founded on my race. The last thing I found out about race in North Carolina is that individuals of various races had dreadful names for one another. It was in North Carolina that I heard racial designations, from all races, just because. Maybe I was amazingly protected growing up. I can say that I wouldn’t exchange it for anything. I feel as if I despite everything have a great deal of that pre-North Carolina individual in me. I despite everything see shading, not race. I have a more nuanced comprehension of what race implies in a cultural setting, ho wever actually I despite everything am to a great extent unconscious of

Turning Point free essay sample

Summer occupations are a transitional experience for all young people, and my first summer work at first was no exemption. Last June I joined the lifeguarding staff at Wild Island Water Park. My thought processes were tanning, talking, and messaging forthcoming beaus. Notwithstanding passing my Advanced Lifesaving course, I got preparing in pool science, washroom support, and essential discretion as for our demographic. Despite the fact that we performed bores each day for different crises, no onemyself included-expected ever to really deal with a dangerous circumstance. Be that as it may, the day came when I saved a one-year-old from unavoidable passing. My activities in those minutes alarmed me, thrilled me, however left me somehow or another with more vulnerability than I had ever had previously. I had safeguarded another individual from suffocating, however wound up swimming in certain inquiries in regards to human needs, human qualities, and my own capacity to astound myself. At age fifteen, I realized what was likely the most important and powerful exercise of my life-the estimation of life itself. We will compose a custom exposition test on Defining moment or then again any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page It was my first day of work as a lifeguard. There was the same old thing about the climate conditions, the water was clear, and the waterpark wasn’t especially swarmed. This is the reason it came as an amazement to me when my eyes looked over a baby lying face down on the outside of the water. My first response was stun there was a conceivably dead kid directly before me. Time appeared to stop, sounds got muted and I’m sure my movements were ungraceful as I raced to the center of the kiddie pool to snatch the infant. My brain and my body appeared to isolate. I knew this, since I don’t recall thinking much by any stretch of the imagination, be that as it may, my body appeared to rush to the pool, get the child, take the infant back to dry land, start evaluating its’ condition, and giving the correct consideration all on its’ own, all in under a moment. Between having individuals swarm around me, and jabbing and goading the youngster, I figured out ho w to evaluate that the kid was cognizant, yet not responsive, as she had gagged on a lot of water. I started to convey chest and back blows, which viably cleared the water from her aviation route, and she started to inhale once more. Absent a lot of time to consider what had simply occurred, I was cleared away by my chief and asked what appeared to be a million inquiries immediately. I attempted to answer every one of them as well as could be expected. In the wake of getting the entirety of the subtleties down, I went to go plunk down for somewhat this was the first occasion when I had a second to consider what had happened. Other than as yet being somewhat more than stunned, I suspected of the picture of the child lying face down in the water, and how on the off chance that I had held up a second later, it might have been past the point of no return and she would have gone oblivious and perhaps kicked the bucket. The possibility that life was delicate to such an extent, that it lays on the pinpoint of a solitary second gradually filled my head, and has stayed there here and there or another from that point forward. For the following year, I started to live more intellectually than genuinely from a totally differ ent point of view. I never went out without taking a gander at individuals and thinking about whether anybody sees life as far as I can tell through my eyes. The careless things a few people decide to do typically lead me to think not. I don't intend to state that you ought not have a ton of fun, or face challenges, on the grounds that that’s somewhat strange, and I would be a scoundrel in the event that I said you should. Life is intended to be lived to the fullest as I would see it, dangers taken or not. I just mean to point out that now and again it is proper to think about the estimation of your own life, and if the choice you are going to make merits losing your life over. I was certain that I could always remember this experience. In any case, somehow or another, I wasn't right. Following a year had passed, I understood that this experience didn’t influence me about as much as it had previously. I figured, how could something as huge as sparing another human†™s life, simply sneak away like that? In any case, I understood, that much like other groundbreaking encounters, individuals in the end mend after some time, and put the recollections into the rear of their heads. It is just human instinct. Things leave, individuals change and overlook. In spite of the fact that typically it is generally advantageous, I think individuals need an encounter this way, to give them how valuable life is, and how rapidly it tends to be taken from you so as to live it without limit.

Factors Affecting Organizational Management - 1650 Words

Factors Affecting Organizational Management (Essay Sample) Content: Factors Affecting Organizational ManagementStudents NameInstitutions NameIntroductionIn the current times, organizations performance in a political, economic and social environment undergo radical changes. With such aggressive viewpoints, organizations should be able to adapt in order to maintain their nature of the competitive environment. Also increase in productivity, working conditions in business environment and the development of e-commerce. According to Ackerman, Pipek, Wulf, (2003), information technology application in the business activities lead to management improvement in the Directorial structure. Framework approaches in outlining their authority and communication processes like; policies, responsibilities for each individual and rules in the institution. There are several factors affecting organizational management. The Sole proprietorship are responsible for creating their companies organizational structure and frameworks like the large institutions. The below factors affect organizational management of the business. SizeSize is the driving factor in the management of establishments. Home bases and small sized organizations usually dont have complex management structures. This is because the business owner is responsible for all the management tasks. Larger business organizations requires a more intense framework in terms of management. The companies which have more employee departments require more managers so as to accomplish their purpose as institutions (Ackerman, Pipek, Wulf, 2003).Business environmentThe external business environment determine the management structure. Dynamic environments where the behaviors or the desires of the consumer is more turbulent, results to complexity in the administration than the stable environments. This is because the consumer demands need to be met for the institution to survive in the long-run (Ackerman, Pipek, Wulf, 2003).Strength/skills of the employeesThis is a significant internal b usiness factor. It is essential to check whether the employees are hardworking, talented or motivated. This make them to be more productive. The managerial processes and relationships within the departments plays a key role in improving the effectiveness and efficiency of the personnel. High performing workplaces result from employee and the executive collaboration. This is primarily the strengths and the weaknesses evaluation. These weakness have harmful effects in the organization. Other internal factors which require specialized management include; financial resource which entails investment-funding, income sources and market opportunities (Ackerman, Pipek, Wulf, 2003). Business location, facilities and the equipment form the physical environment. Human resources, for instance, the employees, the target audiences and the volunteers. Accessibility to the natural resources, copyrights, patents and the trademarks. Current business processes. This includes employees program, departm ental hierarchies and software systems. These internal business environment affects either positively or negatively the management of the business organization (Read, 1959).Business operationsEssentially, this is the part of the administrative and operational procedures. It entails the disorganization and inaccurate record keeping. The important factors to evaluate include the interruptions to the supply chain, the faulty IT systems and errors of employees within an organization. Proper management in an organization is crucial so that the consumers dont see the business as unreliable. Improper business management also results in interruption of business activities and loss of business records (Read, 1959).Strategic risksThis risks affects the organizational ability to achieve stipulated goals in the business plan. The contributing aspects to this risks are the changes in the technology and the customers demands. These factors poses threats to the way employees perceive the products in the business. Proper management is crucial in the business organizations pertaining the strategic risks. Improper management influences the managerial procedures whereby the customers might see the products are being overpriced, outdated and generally dull (Read, 1959).InnovationAny business need innovation in order to keep up with the competitors. The idea is to always get ahead in the daily operations. This entails advancement in technology and other innovative ideas which make the institution best. Poor management in the organization means there will be no innovation which pose a serious risks in the growth and the advancement of business. In cases where there is no innovation, the company generally will be boring, dull, irrelevant and stagnant (Ackerman, Pipek, Wulf, 2003). Financial managementManaging finance is a key factor in any business organization. Financial risks depends on the financial structure in any business. Proper management is crucial. This applies to the bus iness transactions and the management of the financial system. A good example includes the changes in the rates of interest and market expansion (Read, 1959).Risks of the employeesManagement of human resource is a significant aspect in any business organization. There are several risks which are associated with the employees. For example strikes in the establishment can lead to a serious problems. Among them include poor performance and losses, misappropriation of funds and embezzlement (Ackerman, Pipek, Wulf, 2003).The sex of the employersThis by a large instance affects the culture in any organization. In the organizations with more male workers than their feminine counterparts, have culture in which there is late sittings as a normal feature. It is evident that the male employees are more dominant than female, who rather are softhearted and caring. This affects the speed a... Factors Affecting Organizational Management - 1650 Words Factors Affecting Organizational Management (Essay Sample) Content: Factors Affecting Organizational ManagementStudents NameInstitutions NameIntroductionIn the current times, organizations performance in a political, economic and social environment undergo radical changes. With such aggressive viewpoints, organizations should be able to adapt in order to maintain their nature of the competitive environment. Also increase in productivity, working conditions in business environment and the development of e-commerce. According to Ackerman, Pipek, Wulf, (2003), information technology application in the business activities lead to management improvement in the Directorial structure. Framework approaches in outlining their authority and communication processes like; policies, responsibilities for each individual and rules in the institution. There are several factors affecting organizational management. The Sole proprietorship are responsible for creating their companies organizational structure and frameworks like the large institutions. The below factors affect organizational management of the business. SizeSize is the driving factor in the management of establishments. Home bases and small sized organizations usually dont have complex management structures. This is because the business owner is responsible for all the management tasks. Larger business organizations requires a more intense framework in terms of management. The companies which have more employee departments require more managers so as to accomplish their purpose as institutions (Ackerman, Pipek, Wulf, 2003).Business environmentThe external business environment determine the management structure. Dynamic environments where the behaviors or the desires of the consumer is more turbulent, results to complexity in the administration than the stable environments. This is because the consumer demands need to be met for the institution to survive in the long-run (Ackerman, Pipek, Wulf, 2003).Strength/skills of the employeesThis is a significant internal b usiness factor. It is essential to check whether the employees are hardworking, talented or motivated. This make them to be more productive. The managerial processes and relationships within the departments plays a key role in improving the effectiveness and efficiency of the personnel. High performing workplaces result from employee and the executive collaboration. This is primarily the strengths and the weaknesses evaluation. These weakness have harmful effects in the organization. Other internal factors which require specialized management include; financial resource which entails investment-funding, income sources and market opportunities (Ackerman, Pipek, Wulf, 2003). Business location, facilities and the equipment form the physical environment. Human resources, for instance, the employees, the target audiences and the volunteers. Accessibility to the natural resources, copyrights, patents and the trademarks. Current business processes. This includes employees program, departm ental hierarchies and software systems. These internal business environment affects either positively or negatively the management of the business organization (Read, 1959).Business operationsEssentially, this is the part of the administrative and operational procedures. It entails the disorganization and inaccurate record keeping. The important factors to evaluate include the interruptions to the supply chain, the faulty IT systems and errors of employees within an organization. Proper management in an organization is crucial so that the consumers dont see the business as unreliable. Improper business management also results in interruption of business activities and loss of business records (Read, 1959).Strategic risksThis risks affects the organizational ability to achieve stipulated goals in the business plan. The contributing aspects to this risks are the changes in the technology and the customers demands. These factors poses threats to the way employees perceive the products in the business. Proper management is crucial in the business organizations pertaining the strategic risks. Improper management influences the managerial procedures whereby the customers might see the products are being overpriced, outdated and generally dull (Read, 1959).InnovationAny business need innovation in order to keep up with the competitors. The idea is to always get ahead in the daily operations. This entails advancement in technology and other innovative ideas which make the institution best. Poor management in the organization means there will be no innovation which pose a serious risks in the growth and the advancement of business. In cases where there is no innovation, the company generally will be boring, dull, irrelevant and stagnant (Ackerman, Pipek, Wulf, 2003). Financial managementManaging finance is a key factor in any business organization. Financial risks depends on the financial structure in any business. Proper management is crucial. This applies to the bus iness transactions and the management of the financial system. A good example includes the changes in the rates of interest and market expansion (Read, 1959).Risks of the employeesManagement of human resource is a significant aspect in any business organization. There are several risks which are associated with the employees. For example strikes in the establishment can lead to a serious problems. Among them include poor performance and losses, misappropriation of funds and embezzlement (Ackerman, Pipek, Wulf, 2003).The sex of the employersThis by a large instance affects the culture in any organization. In the organizations with more male workers than their feminine counterparts, have culture in which there is late sittings as a normal feature. It is evident that the male employees are more dominant than female, who rather are softhearted and caring. This affects the speed a...

Special Education Jobs Without College Degrees

Not all people who work directly with a special education need to have a degree or certification in the field. Here are some options for a special education career if you dont have the usual degree. Support Staff Support staff, who work as wrap around or classroom aides, work directly with children but are not required to have college degrees or certification in special education. Some college can be helpful, and because support staff does not take their work home--ie. plan or write reports, it is often rewarding work with little stress. Some training may be required, but the district, school or agency who employs you will provide it. Therapeutic Support Staff (TSS) Often referred to as a wrap around a TSS is assigned to assist a single student. They are often provided by a county mental health agency or other outside agency at the request of the parents and school district. The responsibilities of the TSS revolve around that single student. That child may have been identified as needing wrap around support because of emotional, behavioral or physical needs that require individual attention. The first responsibility of a TSS is to be sure a childs Behavior Improvement Plan (BIP) is followed. The TSS will see that the student stays on task and that besides supporting the student in participating appropriately in class, the TSS also sees that the student does not disrupt the educational progress of other students. They are often provided in order to help a student stay in their neighborhood school in a general education classroom. School districts or agencies will hire the TSSs for students. Check with your local school to see if they hire TSSs, or whether you should contact an agency or perhaps the Intermediate Unit in your county. College is not usually required, but some college credits in social services, psychology or education can be helpful, as well as experience and interest in working with children. TSSs make something between minimum wage and $13 an hour, 30 to 35 hours a week. Classroom Aide School district will hire classroom aides to assist special education teachers, occupation therapists or in full inclusion classrooms to provide support to students with disabilities. Classroom aides may be expected to provide toileting, hygiene or hand over hand support to children with more severe disabilities. Learning support children need less direct support: they need help completing assignments, checking homework, playing drill games, or working on spelling assignments. Classroom aides are hired by the hour, and work between the time the students arrive and the students leave. They work during the school year this is often a great job for a mother who wants to home when her children are home. A college education is not required, but having some college in a related field can be helpful. Classroom aides usually make something between minimum wage and $13 an hour. Large districts may provide benefits. Suburban and rural districts seldom do. Para-Professionals Can Make a Special Education Program. The teacher with whom a paraprofessional works are responsible for a childs special education program as defined by their IEP. A good para-professional pays attention to what the teacher wants him or her to do. Often these tasks are laid out explicitly, sometimes they are a continuation of activities that have supported learning in the past. A great para-professional anticipates what is necessary to keep students on task, and when the teacher needs to hand off a child to the para-professional so the teacher can move on to other children. Para-professionals need to remember they have not been hired to babysit or to become the childs best friend. They need strong, responsible adults who will encourage them to give their best, stay on task and participate in their class.

Leadership As A Great Leader Essay - 2095 Words

Leadership is a broad term that can be defined in many ways. Strong leaders have been found throughout history. There are many example of great leadership and some leaders who lead individuals in the wrong direction, including the infamous Adolf Hitler. Other positive influenced leaders include Charlemagne Sir Winston Churchill and Julius Caesar and many many more. Leaders can be found in classrooms, multi-billion dollar corporations, churches etc. In fact, leaders are found in almost all aspects of life wither we realize it or not. As you may assume this paper is devoted to leadership. It will look over the definition of leadership, leadership within a business and look at some examples of what it takes to be a great leader. Next we will look at moral leadership, followed by some theories and challenges within leadership. Leadership can be the difference between success and failure. The greatest leader is not necessarily the one who does the greatest things. He is the one that gets the people to do the greatest things. -Ronald Reagan Leadership is a trait that is extremely valuable in any society. Leadership is known as a process of people attempting to make a difference in a situation, but I feel it is better said to be a way of influencing others actions. Being a leader one must maintain an image of being a positive role model. The concept of leadership is way of influencing others actions. Leadership is concept usually connected to a great leader that affected his orShow MoreRelatedLeadership : A Great Leader1551 Words   |  7 Pages Leadership What or who comes to mind when you think about leadership? What is leadership? Leadership is defined as the action of leading a group or an organization. Leadership is not just about leading; it is about being able to lead even with the greatest of adversaries throwing everything they can at you and still being able to succeed as a great leader. When I think about leadership only one man comes to mind, Jesus Christ of Nazareth. Jesus of Nazareth was an extremely important figure in theRead MoreLeadership Of A Great Leader1246 Words   |  5 PagesThe approach to leadership is to demonstrate the capability of becoming a great leader, yet high neuroticism is expected to disturb leading the group. Neuroticism is defined as a major personality domain contrasting adaptation or emotional stability along with neurotic or unfavourable emotionality. Leader having a confidence is very important to lead the group. If the leader does not have enough confidence in leading the group, then the gr oup will start to have problems. According to De Cremer andRead MoreLeadership Characteristics Of A Great Leader1064 Words   |  5 Pageselection year. This directs attention towards leadership, and most Americans simply trust that these potential candidates display leadership characteristics. Unfortunately, politicians don’t always exemplify leadership, and many Americans experience poor leaders daily such as dreadful bosses. Because of these commonplace experiences, leadership may not appear as a direct character trait. Fortunately, I experience great leadership daily between two great leaders I follow, Chad Miller and Kara Popp. AdaptableRead MoreLeadership Styles Of A Great Leader882 Words   |  4 Pages A great leader is defined as one who has the ability to use all different styles of leadership styles intermittently depending on the circumstances. There is no one style of leading that can be used as a cure all for every circumstance. There are many different ways o f being a leader, as well as many different varieties of leaders. There isn’t necessarily a right and a wrong style of leading. However, there are circumstances that may benefit more from a specific style of leadership. 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I achieved this by studying the leadership of five of the greatest Management Gurus of my time. These leaders made significant contribution across different industries andRead Mor eServant Leadership : What Makes A Great Leader?1056 Words   |  5 PagesLeadership; many articles, and speakers discuss what makes a great leader and they all seem to be experts. Leadership has been studied and changed consistently the last two centuries. Lately servant leadership has been a popular focus, but what is servant leadership? When the question is asked the first response that usually comes to one’s mind, is a leadership practice with religious background. This thought is kind of true, servant leadership can be traced back to many religions, but it is alsoRead MoreLeadership Profile : What Makes A Great Leader? Essay1170 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is leadership profile and what it means to you as an individual? What makes a great leader? These are questions that have been asked and researched for years. Well, I’m going to try to explain my theory on what leadership profile means from my point of view. Leadership profile is the mode you view a leader from your observation on how they lead. Research has been conducted by Evans., and Matthew (2016) at Development Dimensions (DDI) International exam database of assessment data for more theRead MoreLeadership Qualities Of The Great Leaders Of Our Time1833 Words   |  8 Pagesship, but it takes a Leader to chart the course† (Maxwell viii). Leadership. This concept has created many debates throughout history. What does it take to be classified as a great leader? What intangible characteristics are inherent to the great leaders of our time? Why have so many failed when put into a leadership role? During my 27 plus years in the military and over 20 years in the construction industry, I have been exposed to a wide variety of leaders and their leadership style. These examplesRead MoreWhat Is Leadership And Who Makes A Great Leader? Us Academic Environments Define Leadership?919 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is leadership and who makes a great leader? US academic environments define leader ship as â€Å"a process of social influence in which a person can enlist the aid and support of others in accomplishment of a common task† (Chemers, 1997). Studies of leadership have produced theories involving traits, situational interactions, functions, behavior, power, vision and values, charisma, and intelligence as important facets of leadership. Therefore, leadership is about being able to articulate ones vision

Personality Analysis of Walter White free essay sample

Walter White, played by Bryan Cranston, is the main character of AMC’s hit drama Breaking Bad. The massively popular show first aired in 2008 and has since completed five seasons with more to come. Cranston was previously very well-known for his role as the father on the comedy Malcolm in the Middle, a very different role from this. Other recognized members of the cast include creator Vince Gilligan, writer and executive producer for X-Files, and co-star Aaron Paul, who has appeared in a number of films and commercials. This show is easily regarded as the highest point for each of these men’s careers. Breaking Bad tells the story of Walter White, who is initially portrayed as the most boring, stereotypical middle-aged white man possible. He has a very 90’s look to himself, from his haircut to large moustache to neutral colored outfits. He works as a high school chemistry teacher, preaching to obviously disinterested kids who are fighting to stay awake in his classes. Walter also has to work a second job at a car wash to supplement his teacher salary. He is married to Skylar and has a teenage son named Walter Jr. who has cerebral palsy. He also has a baby girl named Holly who is born at the end of season two. Skylar’s sister, Marie Schrader, and her husband, Hank, are also very involved in the White’s life and are treated as immediate family. Walter’s life takes a traumatic turn when he learns that he has lung cancer and is only expected to live another few years with treatment. His only concern upon learning this is the financial burden this will place upon his family. They were already tight on money with Walter Jr. ’s medical bills and the upcoming birth of a second child. Because of this, Walter initially refuses chemotherapy, claiming he wants to live out his days in the comfort of his own home with his family. However, when he is convinced by his family to go ahead with the treatment, Walter takes it upon himself to find a way to ensure that medical bills will not always being looming over his family. He does this by deciding to sell crystal methamphetamine with a former druggie student of his, Jesse Pinkman (Aaron Paul). The show is the story of the double life that Walter develops and all the lies and roles he must maintain on his journey from being family-focused father to murdering-capitalist-drug kingpin. With a deeper look at the story, a Jungian perspective will be used to explain the personality development of Walter White. Carl Jung was a Neo-Freudian psychoanalytic most well-known for his personality theory of the psyche. According to this, personality is divided into three structures: the ego, the personal unconscious, and the collective unconscious. The ego is the conscious part of the personality. It is what a person is aware of and is responsible for a sense of identity and continuity in time. The personal unconscious houses information that a person was aware of at one time but was not impressionable to the point of making a conscious noting for future reference. Within the personal consciousness are complexes, or collections of ideas and their associated feelings that unconsciously influence behavior. Finally, the collective consciousness is the basic knowledge and intuition inherited from evolutionary ancestors, and is where archetypes are held. Probably the most influential topic of Jungian theory, archetypes are predispositions and templates of situations and experiences that help guide behavior and emotion. Conflict between the ego, personal unconscious, and collective unconscious is the psychic energy, or libido, that fuels people; without libido (conflict) the person is dead. The main focus will be on the collective unconscious and the archetypes that reside within this. Archetypes are present in a person via the ancestral collective unconscious. There are four archetypes: the persona, the anima/animus, the shadow, and the self. Persona is the Latin word for mask and is used by Jung to describe a person’s public personality. This is the part of the psyche that a person is known by and helps the person to play their societal roles. The anima/animus archetype is the feminine and masculine traits that a person’s personality reflects. According to Jung, all people have some amount of both  components and each gender is expected to display a certain balance of each. The shadow archetype is the origin of animal instincts. Typically thought of as undesirable, the shadow is projected through aggression and evil acts. Finally, the self archetype is the part of the psyche that is responsible for harmonizing everything else. The goal of this archetype is to reach self-realization where every component is balanced perfectly. However, this is seen as an unobtainable goal because if every component is perfectly balanced then there is no conflict, and without conflict there is no libido; without libido there is death. These archetypes are fluid and are not set in stone. Walter White demonstrates a large shift in energy from the persona to the shadow archetype throughout his journey. In season one of Breaking Bad, Walter White is a boring man living a boring life. The viewer quickly gets the sense that Walter is not happy with how his life has turned out. He is a very smart chemist who got his graduate degree and helped found Gray Matters Technologies with his best friend. However, shortly after Walter left the company for more time with his family, it exploded into a multi-billion dollar company using his ideas. Walter never gets credit and ends up working as an overqualified high school teacher and car washer. His colleagues crack jokes at his expense and his boss at the car wash overworks him and yells at Walter with disrespect. While the animosity and frustration with his life is assumed to be great, Walter does not express his feelings; instead he â€Å"takes it† and continues to be the butt of ridicule. At home, things are not any more exciting. Family life is dull, with dinner scenes of silence followed by everyone’s immediate retreat into their own areas. He does not find much passion in his love life any more, but again does not talk about his worries and opts to bottle it up. While his life may be boring, Walter is doing the best he can to support and raise a family, a value he labels as most important. This is a trait strongly linked with the animus archetype. Typically the father of the household ensures the safety and security of his family at all costs. Walter considers himself to be a loving family man and that is why he is willing to withstand jokes and disrespect. Another component of Jung’s theory of personality is attitudes and functions. According to this, personalities can be divided into two main categories: extrovert and introvert. The extrovert is very outward, tends to be sociable, outgoing, and uses the environment as a resource. The introvert looks inward for guidance, is imaginative, and is more interested in ideas rather than people or socialization. These attitudes can be further divided into rational and irrational functions. The rational functions are thinking and feeling while the irrational functions are sensing and intuiting. Thinking functions identify an object while feeling determines the object’s worth. Sensing functions detect the presence of an object while intuiting infers information about the object. Jung theorized that in most people one attitude and one function become dominant over their counterparts. This forms the eight personality types, from the eight possible combinations of attitude and function. Walter White and his alter-ego, Heisenberg, seem to display different traits and can be explained with multiple attitudes and functions. Walter White would be labeled a classic introvert by Jung. He is a quiet man who avoids social interactions and prefers independence. When in social situations, he seems to expend a large amount of energy trying to interact with others, leaving him exhausted after a dinner party or teacher conference. Walter’s lack of emotional feeling and his high intelligence would contribute also to high levels of the thinking function. He relies on logic when making decisions rather than considering the affective consequences. Walter would also be described as investing a large amount of libido in the persona archetype. His public face is very different from how he is truly feeling on the inside. Following Jung’s principle of equivalence, increased libido in one area constitutes equally decreased libido in another area. Walter’s shadow archetype is extremely suppressed. Aggression is nonexistent in his life, shown through his career and his wiliness to accept the mundane. He does not allow himself to feel the anger and resentment that a normal person would feel in embarrassing or belittling situations. Both the high level of persona and the low level of shadow would be considered unhealthy allocations of libido. Walter’s breaking point comes with his diagnosis of lung cancer. This terminal cancer has come to a man who has never smoked in his life and has made himself miserable for the sake of his family for years. This is what causes the bottle of lifelong resentment and hatred to start leaking. Jung could describe this as a disturbance of the ego portion of the psyche. The ego is the organizer of the consciousness and a lot of libido is expended on maintaining a lifestyle. Walter’s work for his family gained him the rewards of less than desirable jobs and cancer. This blow to the ego is shown to be very traumatic and shakes the foundation of his psyche and personality. Walter begins an expedition of morally wrong decisions following his diagnosis, starting with the decision to produce and sell crystal meth to earn money. The decreased moral judgment can be described as the persona archetype fading in strength. The persona regulates which behaviors, attitudes, and emotions are appropriate in a given social situation. The decrease in persona in slow at first. Walter decides to become a drug dealer (not a morally right decision) but his motivation is to earn money so he doesn’t send his family into debt with his cancer treatment (clinging to morally right reasoning). In the beginning, Walter states he’s only in the meth business until he earns enough money for his treatment, then he’s going to quit. Through the seasons, however, the viewer watches as Walter dives deeper and deeper into the drug business, and with that his shadow archetype comes to dominate. Walter uses his knowledge of chemistry to produce the most pure and desirable crystal meth that drug lords have ever seen. He moves up the ranks by using Jesse’s familiarity of the processes and organizations of hierarchies in the drug business. When dealing with shady people, it is inevitable that there will be conflict. Exciting, illicit endeavors marked by tasteful gore and the suspense of avoiding arrest constantly surrounds Walter. Being so popular, being enthralled with excitement, and doing the wrong thing are drastically different than the life he has been leading for so long. Walter gets high off this rush, while the druggies get high off his crystal. This, combined with the massive amounts of money he is now making, leads Walter to become addicted to the lifestyle and unable to walk away. He isn’t given the chance to walk away very often though, with higher-ups constantly threatening his and his family’s lives if he were to quit producing crystal. The deeper Walter sinks into this new world and the more exposure he gets to the adrenaline, the more he changes and splits from his former self. Once Walter begins to make a splash in the drug business, he adopts the pseudonym â€Å"Heisenberg†, a throwback to his chemistry knowledge with the use of the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle. Symbolically, however, there is deeper meaning. The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle states that one can never know both the exact position and momentum of a particle at the same time. Similarly, throughout the show it is never clear whether Walter is still a good guy at heart or if he has gone over to the dark side. Walter and Heisenberg represent a classic Jekyll and Hyde scenario. This can be thought of as a Jungian complex, stemming from the personal unconscious. This precarious balancing act goes on for awhile until Walter eventually throws himself entirely into his new life. Heisenberg develops into a completely different person than Walter White. When Heisenberg assumes his drug dealer persona, he commits acts that were previously unthinkable to Walter. Aside from selling crystal meth, Heisenberg murders multiple people, disposing of their bodies and any evidence by dissolving everything in hydrofluoric acid. He steals, lies, and manipulates others to no end. He set off a bomb in a building and another separate time in a car. He will do anything to protect his image as the new head drug kingpin, including poisoning an innocent boy and blaming it on another competitor to gain allies. He even fakes a fugue state to explain a 3-day disappearance from home, when he was actually cooking meth the entire time. A grandiose, God complex has formed in Heisenberg’s personal unconscious, as demonstrated in his never-ending search for more power and his belief that he is untouchable by any other competitor. He bluntly displays this by buying out the car wash he used to work at and using it as a fence to launder his drug money. He robs his former boss of employment, the same boss that used to make him feel like he had no more worth than dirt, and makes it clear that Heisenberg is now the king and everyone else is his subordinate. Perhaps the most appalling change is his motivation. Walter White -family man-transformed into power-hungry Heisenberg who does not flinch at the idea of carrying out his business at the expense of his family. Instead of performing illegal activities for the benefit of his family, he uses his family to benefit himself. He is persistently emotionally abusive toward Skylar and manipulates her into using her accounting skills to come into his drug business and help launder his money. His brother-in-law, Hank, is a DEA agent specifically assigned to Heisenberg’s case but does not know it is actually Walter. Hank shares case information with Walter who intentionally steers him down wrong paths to avoid detection. This ends up putting Hank’s life in danger multiple times. Heisenberg views his assistant, Jesse, as somewhat of a son. However, he is constantly forcing his will over Jesse and manipulating him to the point where Jesse also loses his set of values. Heisenberg becomes so self-absorbed that he even misses his daughter’s birth because he is busy making a drug drop. Eventually all traces of Walter White are lost and Heisenberg has completely taken over. In Jung’s theory of the ego, he states that when too little libido is invested in the persona the result is an inability to maintain reality. The personality change from Walter White to Heisenberg can be explained by shifts of libido. Decreased persona libido is shown when Walter’s two lives mold together into one; the libido gets drained after trying to hold two separate lives for so long. Libido of the self archetype also shifts. No longer does his self-realization revolve around love and family, but instead around power and authority. Rather than striving to be a suitable head of the house, he strives to be head of the meth industry. The decreases in these libidos imply a vast increase in another area’s libido – per the principle of equivalence. The shadow archetype experiences an outrageous increase in libido as Heisenberg becomes more evil and more animalistic by demonstrating that he will do anything to maintain power. Jung’s principal of opposites states that every area has its polar opposite that reflects how its partner changes. The opposite of the shadow is typically seen as spirituality. This is directly seen when Walter prays after learning of his diagnosis, then latter Heisenberg has a gun battle within a church. Spirituality was respected and present in Walter, but becomes nonexistent in Heisenberg as the shadow has taken over. Finally, Walter’s change of personality to Heisenberg even includes changes to his attitudes and functions, the core of the personality. While Walter was an introverted thinker, Heisenberg can be described as an extroverted feeler. All traces of reluctance of social situations are expelled; Heisenberg frequently fraternized with the enemy to learn their secrets. As he moves up the ladder and becomes more powerful, Heisenberg is very extroverted, outlandish, and a show off. He is the big shot in his world. His function also drastically changed to the opposite of thinking – feeling. The value of objects – or lack thereof – is central to Heisenberg’s personality. His moral system is distorted in a way such that family and people do not hold value but power and money do. This marks the final, fundamental change of the evolution of Walter White to Heisenberg. Rather than understanding this transformation as a development of a single person’s personality, it is more suitable to explain the change of Walter White to Heisenberg as a creation of a new personality. Evidence of this is in the fact that there is no â€Å"center† of the personality that stays constant; everything from libido allocations to fundamental attitudes and functions undergo a radical conversion. If this were a development of personality then this change would not be so drastic and core elements would be relatively stable. Instead, Walter experiences a sort of personality split similar to that seen in the mentally ill. Heisenberg is completely consumed by his new personality and all traces of Walter White are gone. An entirely new person has been created. The massive shifts of libido and changes to his very ways of thinking and processing environmental stimuli are the Jungian explanations for such an episode.   Walter White and his transformation into Heisenberg can also be analyzed through the lens of existentialist theories. It is difficult to give a single definition to existentialism and is best described through commonly held beliefs within the area. Existentialism focuses on the individual and how a person constructs the world they live in, and thusly how that world affects the person. This interaction is called the object-subject dichotomy. Each person has their own constructed values and structure of meaning. Existence is dynamic and always changing, as people have freedom to decide what objects mean. Living a full life consists of always expanding one’s awareness of the world, but with this comes anxiety and guilt as values are challenged. The ability to deal with this anxiety comes back to the freedom to adjust either one’s values or the way one deals with the issues of life. A deeper look into the concepts of existentialism will be used to explain  how Walter White experienced a complete personality change. People exist in a world that has its own subjective meaning that varies from person to person. A person interacts with the world through three modes of existence: the Umwelt, the Mitwelt, and the Eigenwelt. The Umwelt, meaning â€Å"over world†, is the nature and biological underpinnings of the self, including drives and instincts. For Walter, this would include his genetic makeup, such as gender, race, hair color, etc. , as well such things as hunger and thirst. The Mitwelt, meaning â€Å"with world†, is the relation one has with others; it is the social world. This is the world that Walter lives in. His relationships with his family, coworkers, and clients all constitute his Mitwelt. Finally, the Eigenwelt, meaning â€Å"own world†, is a person’s consciousness and intellects. This is where decisions and rationalizations are made and it is within the Eigenwelt that Walter struggles with the burden of living two lives. These three worlds exist within a person simultaneously; however, a person can feel an estrangement in one of these modes of existence. This is called alienation and is characterized by feelings of loneliness and emptiness. Walter embodies alienation before he enters the drug business. He feels unsatisfied with how his life has developed and is tired of his boring, mundane life. He can be said to experience alienation of the Mitwelt because he feels a disconnect between himself and the other people in his life. The implications of this will be discussed further in more detail. Existentialism evaluates the effectiveness of a person’s life by determining if he or she is living an authentic life. Authenticity pertains to the values a person is living according to and the anxiety and guilt that are present in the person. A person who conforms to the values of others rather than exercising his or her own free will is not said to be effectively living. An authentic life allows a person to expand their consciousness and issues the challenges necessary for personal growth. Also, an authentic life does not contain neurotic anxiety or guilt. A normal amount of each is present, and the person has positive social relationships. Part of growing as a person and developing consciousness is the anxiety that comes with situations that challenge the person’s values. This anxiety is normal and is healthy. However, this anxiety can turn neurotic when it involves the person repressing their values and conforming to other’s values or responding in a way just because it is the socially expected response for a situation. In the case of Walter White, neurotic anxiety has been taken to the extreme. His boring, â€Å"normal† life is actually a conformation to socially accepted values. He has given up his own values of intellect and pride and substituted them with family man, father values that are not as high on his value hierarchy. He hates the fact that he no longer works at Gray Matter Technologies, a place he was intellectually challenged, received recognition, and did not have to answer to anyone. However, since people have the freedom of choice, at some point Walter was faced with a situation to which he responded with a choice to go with what society expected. This situation may have been trying to decide to have a family to which he felt compelled to do because that was what was normal. Walter’s feelings of alienation of Mitwelt and the reason he doesn’t feel like he belongs to the world he lives in is because it is a world that has been constructed by other people’s values, not his own. He is now stuck in a place of life where he is pushed around constantly and unappreciated and undervalued. Walter would be said to be experiencing neurotic guilt because he is not living in a way that supports a growth of consciousness. He acts in ways that perpetuate his suppression – he allows his boss to talk down to him, he teaches to kids who don’t respect him. The large amounts of neurotic anxiety and guilt that has built up in Walter can explain why he reacts the way he does when finally taking an opportunity to adjust his life back to being in line with his most valued ideals. The concept of death provokes a large amount of anxiety for people. The fact that death happens to everyone and is unavoidable makes it a negative event that people have to accept will eventually happen to them. Events, such as death, that are uncontrollable happenings of life are called Thrownness. This is obviously a scary concept because if people are trying to live full, creative lives then death is something to stay away from if at all possible. Walter is diagnosed with lung cancer and told he only has a few more years of life to expect. This is a circumstance that was inevitable for Walter, it was part of his Destiny. This is considered the breaking point for Walter and when he starts his downslide to Heisenberg. How does this start? Walter’s diagnosis is an anxiety producing event that requires a choice of how to react and alter behavior. This anxiety is the normal anxiety that would be experienced by anyone who receives this news. However, Walter is aware that he has been living with his neurotic anxiety and guilt for such a long time now. Upon hearing of his impending death, Walter makes the choice to live more according to his true values to reduce the neurotic guilt. Eventually, Heisenberg disbands the social values he has been conforming to for so long and runs his business and family according to his own prideful and self-governing values that he has been longing for so long. But this develops in a series of steps. The first time Walter doesn’t conform to an expected reaction is when he decides that he is not going to be a burden on his family anymore. Instead, he wants to be financially responsible for his cancer treatment; this is in line with his values of independence and self-provider that have been repressed. When Walter decides to act in a way according to his own values he experiences a small release of guilt that has built up. The decision to be financially supportive of himself has its own anxieties that come along, though, like how he’s going to pay for such an expensive service. However, these are normal anxieties rather than neurotic and can be dealt with in a constructive way. Each decision Walter makes leads to another circumstance arising that requires another choice of how to react. When considering how to pay for chemotherapy, Walter decides on becoming a meth dealer. This is an extreme departing from a socially acceptable response, however it is in line with Walter’s values. This choice gives Walter the opportunity to exercise his underused intellect. He is finally challenging himself as he applies his chemistry knowledge to the drug industry. He is also expanding his consciousness by striving for a new understanding of a (drug) industry’s organizational structure and flow. Since the choice is in line with his own values, as deviated they may be from a â€Å"normal† way of going about it, Walter again experiences a reduction of neurotic guilt. As Walter delves deeper into Heisenberg’s world, full of new experiences and excitement, he is continuously presented with situations that require a choice of reaction. The more he chooses to follow his own values, the more neurotic anxiety and guilt is reduced. So the question is: Can an ex high-school teacher turned drug kingpin be said to be living an authentic life? Once Heisenberg fully develops, he is now completely living by his own terms and indulging his values, not conforming to anyone. He is constantly challenging himself in new situations and allowing himself to expand his consciousness. Normal anxieties and guilt are felt in accordance with the day to day hassles of his lifestyle (like dealing with rival gang trying to kill him, or ordering a hit on a defective gang member) but neurotic anxiety and guilt has been minimized. Heisenberg is no longer experiencing any alienation; he has a solid social structure of employees that he also interacts with on a personal basis. His family values have been moved down the hierarchy, but they are still present. He bonds with his son over expensive cars and he compels his wife to assist him in his financial department, but they make it work. While Heisenberg’s values may be being satisfied in a much more perverse way than the average person, it cannot be said he is conforming to outside pressures. It can be argued he is living an authentic life. In other words, using May’s stages of consciousness, Walter White broke out of his (extra-)ordinary conscious of a repressed family man, went through a stage of rebellion starting with his diagnosis of cancer and decision to enter the drug industry, and is now experiencing creative consciousness. ***** The strategies of Jungian and Existential theories used to describe the personality of Walter White have some common concepts. Firstly, both theories focus on the present and future of a person’s behavior and personality. This is most strikingly different from psychoanalytic theories that state personality is the result of early childhood experiences. Existentialism strictly does not take a person’s past to be a predictive factor. Walter’s childhood experiences do not hold merit, what does matter are the present time decisions he makes. Jungian theory also focuses on present time factors, for example the amount of libido in the areas of the psyche and how it is being allocated. However, Jungian perspective does differ in that elements from a person’s past can affect behavior. Archetypes are schemas that have been inherited through a person’s ancestry. Also, the attitudes and functions that a person comes to be defined by may be influenced by early environmental factors, such as the influences parents had on their child’s beliefs. Secondly, both theories agree that healthy people should strive to realize their potential. Jung’s self archetype longs for a balance between the archetypes, gained by a reduction of conflict across all dimensions. Existentialism states that one should be constantly seeking to increase his or her consciousness and awareness. A failure to do this results in anxiety and guilt. While this self-realization is the ideal scenario for both theories, it is understood as an impossible thing to achieve. However, it does give some purpose for humans in a world with no meaning; both preach that the world is dependent on the way one chooses to experience it. Other similarities can be found in the organizational structure of the theories. Both are very dynamic theories, with personality having the ability to change and flow. For Jung, personality and behavior are based on how the libido and archetypes relate to a situation. These can vary given different circumstances; however there are central factors that generally stay consistent: a person’s attitude and function. Existentialism, on the other hand, is more dynamic. A person can be very different from one scenario to the next. This is because people have the freedom of choice and can basically construct their lives however they want to. Some stabilization can be expected in a person living an authentic life, though. Given this, he or she would be expected to make choices consistent with their values, rather than conforming to others. Furthermore, these theories hold little scientific merit as they are both irrefutable, and therefore unable to be tested by experiments. While there are minor differences within the similarities that Jungian and Existential theories share, there are also more glaring differences. Firstly, Jungian theory utilizes categorization to describe people. People are divided into attitudes and functions; Walter White is described as an introverted thinker. These categorizations are given descriptions of a typical person who fits into that area. This allows for a commonly understood way of describing oneself. If Walter were to tell someone about himself and he said he was an introverted thinker, people could infer that he prefers to keep to himself rather than be in groups and that he relies on logic rather than emotional feelings to make decisions. Existential theory does not allow for such categorizations. Because people are inherently understood to have a freedom of choice, this makes a predictive system difficult. The closest relation existentialist theory has to categories is whether someone is living an authentic life or not. However this hardly allows for predictive value. A person rarely knows the complete value system of another and which values are most prevalent in each circumstance. Even if this was given, an authentic lifestyle is not guaranteed to be a continuous process. The freedom of choice in existentialism inserts a feeling of chaos into the world. This is most obviously displayed in Walter who would be the last person thought to become a drug dealer. However, his freedom of choice and decision to change to abiding by his values is what enabled him to make that unpredictable choice. Another major difference in these two theories is the influence that the unconscious has on the person. In existentialism, many aspects of the person are elements of which he or she is aware. Walter knows his value set and could articulate them if asked. The neurotic anxiety and guilt he was experiencing prior to his change was a conscious feeling also. The decisions he made to enter and dive deeper into the drug business were consciously made decisions. The only influence of the unconscious, according to May.